Organic crops, coffee included, are grown without synthetic fertilizer or artificial pesticides. This doesn't mean though, that the coffee is free of fertilizer of pesticides.
An overview of the agriculture evolution that took coffee farmers away from shade-grown coffee into sun-grown coffee and the current trends that are bringing them back.
Organic matter decomposition serves two important functions, namely supply of energy to the biotic community and secondly, supply of carbon, which is the single most important element of all living beings.